Just Noticeable Difference (JND) & Weber’s Law in Marketing | 100+ MCQs with Answer
Q1. What does the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) represent in marketing?
A. Maximum acceptable product change
B. Minimum change consumers can perceive
C. Average product improvement
D. Psychological pricing threshold
✅ Answer: B. Minimum change consumers can perceive
Q2. Weber’s Law states that perception of change is based on:
A. Absolute difference
B. Random consumer judgment
C. Relative proportional change
D. Brand reputation
✅ Answer: C. Relative proportional change
Q3. According to Weber’s Law, if the initial stimulus increases, the required perceptible change:
A. Decreases
B. Remains constant
C. Increases proportionally
D. Becomes irrelevant
✅ Answer: C. Increases proportionally
Q4. Which formula represents Weber’s Law?
A. ΔI × I = k
B. I ÷ ΔI = k
C. ΔI / I = k
D. I − ΔI = k
✅ Answer: C. ΔI / I = k
Q5. In marketing, the “stimulus” most often refers to:
A. Advertising creativity
B. Consumer mood
C. Product attribute or feature
D. Brand loyalty
✅ Answer: C. Product attribute or feature
Q6. Which of the following best explains perceptible product change?
A. Any technical improvement
B. Any cost increase
C. Improvement noticed by consumers
D. Improvement visible to engineers
✅ Answer: C. Improvement noticed by consumers
Q7. A price drop from ₹100 to ₹98 goes unnoticed, but ₹100 to ₹90 is noticed. This reflects:
A. Economies of scale
B. Weber’s Law
C. Price elasticity
D. Market saturation
✅ Answer: B. Weber’s Law
Q8. The constant stimuli method is primarily used to:
A. Increase sales volume
B. Test advertising recall
C. Measure perceptual thresholds
D. Optimize distribution channels
✅ Answer: C. Measure perceptual thresholds
Q9. Which sense does Weber’s Law apply to?
A. Vision only
B. Hearing only
C. Touch only
D. All sensory modalities
✅ Answer: D. All sensory modalities
Q10. In product redesign, ignoring JND may lead to:
A. Overbranding
B. Invisible improvements
C. Higher loyalty
D. Market leadership
✅ Answer: B. Invisible improvements
Q11. Which situation best illustrates JND?
A. Launching a new brand
B. Slightly increasing product durability
C. Changing brand logo entirely
D. Entering a new market
✅ Answer: B. Slightly increasing product durability
Q12. If a soap lasts 20 days and must last 25 days to be noticed, the JND ratio is:
A. 1/10
B. 1/5
C. 1/4
D. 1/2
✅ Answer: C. 1/4
Q13. JND is best described as:
A. Fixed across consumers
B. Absolute across categories
C. Relative to initial intensity
D. Irrelevant to marketing
✅ Answer: C. Relative to initial intensity
Q14. Which marketing claim most relies on JND?
A. “New brand”
B. “Limited edition”
C. “Now lasts longer”
D. “Premium positioning”
✅ Answer: C. “Now lasts longer”
Q15. If improvement exceeds JND excessively, firms may risk:
A. Lower brand recall
B. Reduced purchase frequency
C. Lower distribution reach
D. Channel conflict
✅ Answer: B. Reduced purchase frequency
Q16. Which consumer behavior concept aligns most closely with JND?
A. Motivation
B. Learning
C. Perception
D. Attitude change
✅ Answer: C. Perception
Q17. Sensory thresholds in marketing help firms decide:
A. Advertising budget
B. Channel partners
C. Minimum effective change
D. Market segmentation
✅ Answer: C. Minimum effective change
Q18. Weber’s Law is least accurate at:
A. Moderate intensities
B. Everyday stimuli
C. Extreme stimulus levels
D. Consumer testing phases
✅ Answer: C. Extreme stimulus levels
Q19. A luggage brand reduces weight by 5% but consumers do not notice. This implies:
A. Brand weakness
B. Below JND change
C. Wrong positioning
D. Poor advertising
✅ Answer: B. Below JND change
Q20. JND helps marketers primarily to:
A. Reduce costs
B. Improve logistics
C. Optimize product changes
D. Increase advertising reach
✅ Answer: C. Optimize product changes
Q21. Which marketing decision most directly benefits from understanding JND?
A. Market entry timing
B. Product feature enhancement
C. Corporate restructuring
D. Sales force compensation
✅ Answer: B. Product feature enhancement
Q22. A 2% price increase on a premium smartphone goes unnoticed. This suggests:
A. Strong brand loyalty
B. Below JND price change
C. Ineffective pricing strategy
D. Perfect competition
✅ Answer: B. Below JND price change
Q23. Which consumer sense is MOST commonly tested using JND in product design?
A. Taste
B. Smell
C. Touch (weight, texture)
D. Intuition
✅ Answer: C. Touch (weight, texture)
Q24. Weber’s Law implies that improving a premium product requires:
A. Smaller absolute changes
B. Larger proportional changes
C. No changes
D. Only cosmetic changes
✅ Answer: B. Larger proportional changes
Q25. In packaging redesign, JND helps marketers avoid:
A. Innovation
B. Overbranding
C. Imperceptible redesigns
D. Product cannibalization
✅ Answer: C. Imperceptible redesigns
Q26. Which research technique is best for identifying perceptual thresholds?
A. Focus groups
B. Ethnographic studies
C. Constant stimuli method
D. Net promoter score
✅ Answer: C. Constant stimuli method
Q27. JND is MOST relevant in which market condition?
A. Monopoly
B. Oligopoly with similar products
C. Perfect competition
D. Regulated monopoly
✅ Answer: B. Oligopoly with similar products
Q28. Which of the following is an example of sensory marketing?
A. Pricing strategy
B. Store fragrance influencing mood
C. Supply chain optimization
D. Channel management
✅ Answer: B. Store fragrance influencing mood
Q29. A shampoo brand increases quantity from 180 ml to 185 ml, but consumers do not notice. Why?
A. Poor branding
B. Distribution issues
C. Change below JND
D. High advertising noise
✅ Answer: C. Change below JND
Q30. Which concept explains why equal changes are not equally perceived?
A. Law of demand
B. Weber’s Law
C. Maslow’s hierarchy
D. Prospect theory
✅ Answer: B. Weber’s Law
Q31. JND helps firms primarily balance:
A. Cost and innovation
B. Technology and regulation
C. Perception and investment
D. Branding and loyalty
✅ Answer: C. Perception and investment
Q32. Which attribute is LEAST suitable for JND testing?
A. Weight
B. Loudness
C. Durability
D. Brand mission
✅ Answer: D. Brand mission
Q33. A detergent claims “10% more cleaning power.” JND determines whether:
A. Claim is ethical
B. Claim is legal
C. Consumers perceive the difference
D. Claim increases distribution
✅ Answer: C. Consumers perceive the difference
Q34. Which pricing strategy deliberately stays below JND?
A. Penetration pricing
B. Psychological price increases
C. Premium pricing
D. Skimming
✅ Answer: B. Psychological price increases
Q35. JND is most closely linked to which stage of consumer decision-making?
A. Information search
B. Evaluation of alternatives
C. Purchase decision
D. Post-purchase behavior
✅ Answer: B. Evaluation of alternatives
Q36. In UX design, JND helps determine:
A. Backend architecture
B. Code efficiency
C. Noticeable interface improvements
D. Server capacity
✅ Answer: C. Noticeable interface improvements
Q37. Which improvement is MOST likely to cross JND?
A. 1% battery increase
B. 2% speed improvement
C. 25% battery life increase
D. Minor font change
✅ Answer: C. 25% battery life increase
Q38. Weber’s Law suggests consumer perception is:
A. Linear
B. Absolute
C. Relative
D. Random
✅ Answer: C. Relative
Q39. Which factor causes variation in JND across consumers?
A. Manufacturing cost
B. Individual sensitivity
C. Retail margin
D. Advertising frequency
✅ Answer: B. Individual sensitivity
Q40. JND is LEAST relevant when:
A. Products are identical
B. Products are clearly differentiated
C. Market is saturated
D. Competition is intense
✅ Answer: B. Products are clearly differentiated
Q41. Which marketing claim relies MOST on perceptual thresholds?
A. “Now available nationwide”
B. “Improved formula”
C. “Limited edition”
D. “Award-winning brand”
✅ Answer: B. “Improved formula”
Q42. Over-improving beyond JND may lead to:
A. Higher loyalty
B. Reduced margins
C. Faster adoption
D. Market expansion
✅ Answer: B. Reduced margins
Q43. Sensory thresholds help marketers determine:
A. Advertising channels
B. Minimal effective change
C. Customer lifetime value
D. Brand equity
✅ Answer: B. Minimal effective change
Q44. Which of the following reflects Weber’s Law in promotions?
A. Flat discounts
B. Small coupon values
C. Percentage-based discounts
D. Loyalty points
✅ Answer: C. Percentage-based discounts
Q45. JND helps prevent which common managerial error?
A. Overpricing
B. Under-segmentation
C. Wasted innovation spend
D. Channel conflict
✅ Answer: C. Wasted innovation spend
Q46. In digital subscriptions, JND applies MOST to:
A. UI animations
B. Backend systems
C. Price hikes
D. Legal terms
✅ Answer: C. Price hikes
Q47. Which consumer psychology concept complements JND?
A. Learning theory
B. Perceptual organization
C. Motivation theory
D. Cognitive dissonance
✅ Answer: B. Perceptual organization
Q48. JND explains why consumers often ignore:
A. Advertising slogans
B. Minor upgrades
C. Brand extensions
D. Celebrity endorsements
✅ Answer: B. Minor upgrades
Q49. The main purpose of JND testing is to ensure improvements are:
A. Technically superior
B. Cost-efficient
C. Noticeable and meaningful
D. Legally compliant
✅ Answer: C. Noticeable and meaningful
Q50. Weber’s Law originated in:
A. Economics
B. Sociology
C. Physiology
D. Anthropology
✅ Answer: C. Physiology
Q51. JND is MOST useful when competitors offer:
A. Radically different products
B. Highly similar products
C. Luxury-only offerings
D. Regulated services
✅ Answer: B. Highly similar products
Q52. A brand silently increases price every year below JND to:
A. Increase awareness
B. Avoid consumer resistance
C. Improve loyalty
D. Gain market share
✅ Answer: B. Avoid consumer resistance
Q53. Which attribute change is hardest for consumers to detect?
A. Weight
B. Color
C. Price
D. Durability over time
✅ Answer: D. Durability over time
Q54. JND helps align which two functions?
A. HR and finance
B. Marketing and R&D
C. Operations and logistics
D. Legal and compliance
✅ Answer: B. Marketing and R&D
Q55. Which of the following violates Weber’s Law principles?
A. Relative discounts
B. Proportional improvements
C. Absolute improvement thinking
D. Sensory testing
✅ Answer: C. Absolute improvement thinking
Q56. JND supports which strategic objective?
A. Cost leadership
B. Differentiation clarity
C. Market diversification
D. Vertical integration
✅ Answer: B. Differentiation clarity
Q57. Sensory thresholds are MOST applicable to:
A. Industrial B2B markets
B. Consumer packaged goods
C. Government procurement
D. Financial derivatives
✅ Answer: B. Consumer packaged goods
Q58. Which improvement would MOST likely be ignored?
A. 5% louder speaker
B. 3% faster processor
C. 1% lighter laptop
D. 30% battery gain
✅ Answer: C. 1% lighter laptop
Q59. Weber’s Law helps explain:
A. Brand switching
B. Perceptual adaptation
C. Learning curves
D. Market growth
✅ Answer: B. Perceptual adaptation
Q60. JND analysis reduces the risk of:
A. Innovation failure
B. Legal disputes
C. Supply shortages
D. Channel leakage
✅ Answer: A. Innovation failure
Q61. Which sense has the smallest JND typically?
A. Vision
B. Hearing
C. Taste
D. Touch
✅ Answer: B. Hearing
Q62. JND varies MOST with:
A. Brand image
B. Context and stimulus type
C. Company size
D. Market share
✅ Answer: B. Context and stimulus type
Q63. Which claim requires JND validation?
A. “Best-selling brand”
B. “Improved performance”
C. “Eco-friendly vision”
D. “Global presence”
✅ Answer: B. “Improved performance”
Q64. JND supports incremental innovation by ensuring it is:
A. Radical
B. Disruptive
C. Perceptible
D. Risk-free
✅ Answer: C. Perceptible
Q65. Which area benefits LEAST from JND?
A. Packaging design
B. Pricing strategy
C. Advertising reach
D. Product durability
✅ Answer: C. Advertising reach
Q66. Weber’s Law challenges which managerial assumption?
A. Consumers are rational
B. More is always better
C. Perception is relative
D. All improvements are noticed
✅ Answer: D. All improvements are noticed
Q67. JND testing is MOST critical before:
A. Hiring sales staff
B. Product relaunch
C. Financial audit
D. Market exit
✅ Answer: B. Product relaunch
Q68. Which marketing metric aligns with JND?
A. ROI
B. Recall
C. Perceived value
D. Reach
✅ Answer: C. Perceived value
Q69. JND is rooted in which discipline?
A. Behavioral finance
B. Experimental psychology
C. Sociology
D. Strategic management
✅ Answer: B. Experimental psychology
Q70. A firm ignores JND and launches minor upgrades repeatedly. Likely outcome:
A. Strong differentiation
B. Consumer skepticism
C. Higher loyalty
D. Market dominance
✅ Answer: B. Consumer skepticism
Q71. Weber’s Law helps firms understand:
A. Demand forecasting
B. Sensory perception limits
C. Production efficiency
D. Channel margins
✅ Answer: B. Sensory perception limits
Q72. JND-based improvements should ideally be:
A. Hidden
B. Incremental but noticeable
C. Radical
D. Random
✅ Answer: B. Incremental but noticeable
Q73. Which consumer reaction signals crossing JND?
A. Brand awareness
B. Perceived difference
C. Trial purchase
D. Brand loyalty
✅ Answer: B. Perceived difference
Q74. JND is MOST useful in which product life cycle stage?
A. Introduction
B. Growth
C. Maturity
D. Decline
✅ Answer: C. Maturity
Q75. Which managerial question does JND directly answer?
A. How much should we spend?
B. How much change is enough?
C. Who is our customer?
D. Where should we expand?
✅ Answer: B. How much change is enough?
Q76. Sensory marketing combined with JND enhances:
A. Operational efficiency
B. Consumer experience
C. Cost control
D. Legal compliance
✅ Answer: B. Consumer experience
Q77. Weber’s Law contradicts which belief?
A. Perception is subjective
B. Bigger brands need bigger changes
C. Equal changes feel equal
D. Perception is relative
✅ Answer: C. Equal changes feel equal
Q78. JND is MOST relevant to which branding activity?
A. Name selection
B. Logo redesign
C. Corporate mission
D. Vision statement
✅ Answer: B. Logo redesign
Q79. JND allows firms to:
A. Eliminate competitors
B. Optimize innovation ROI
C. Reduce advertising
D. Control distribution
✅ Answer: B. Optimize innovation ROI
Q80. Weber’s Law primarily informs:
A. Consumer perception models
B. Cost accounting
C. Financial forecasting
D. Market structure
✅ Answer: A. Consumer perception models
Q81. Which improvement would MOST likely cross JND in FMCG?
A. 2% price cut
B. 5% extra quantity
C. 25% extra quantity
D. Minor packaging tweak
✅ Answer: C. 25% extra quantity
Q82. JND analysis is a form of:
A. Financial control
B. Behavioral research
C. Strategic planning
D. Operations analysis
✅ Answer: B. Behavioral research
Q83. Weber’s Law assumes perception is:
A. Absolute
B. Linear
C. Ratio-based
D. Random
✅ Answer: C. Ratio-based
Q84. Which marketing failure is MOST associated with ignoring JND?
A. Overstocking
B. Unnoticed innovation
C. Legal penalties
D. Channel conflict
✅ Answer: B. Unnoticed innovation
Q85. JND helps validate which claim?
A. “Best quality”
B. “Improved durability”
C. “Premium brand”
D. “Market leader”
✅ Answer: B. “Improved durability”
Q86. Weber’s Law supports which pricing tactic?
A. Flat markups
B. Gradual price increases
C. Cost-plus pricing
D. Penetration pricing
✅ Answer: B. Gradual price increases
Q87. JND-based decisions reduce:
A. Brand equity
B. Innovation risk
C. Advertising spend
D. Market coverage
✅ Answer: B. Innovation risk
Q88. Sensory thresholds help identify:
A. Consumer needs
B. Perceptual limits
C. Brand attitudes
D. Market segments
✅ Answer: B. Perceptual limits
Q89. Which function MOST relies on JND insights?
A. Finance
B. HR
C. Marketing
D. Legal
✅ Answer: C. Marketing
Q90. JND ensures that product changes are:
A. Technically superior
B. Consumer-visible
C. Cost-minimal
D. Legally protected
✅ Answer: B. Consumer-visible
Q91. Weber’s Law applies MOST accurately within:
A. Extreme stimuli
B. Middle stimulus range
C. Rare events
D. Luxury-only products
✅ Answer: B. Middle stimulus range
Q92. Which is NOT influenced by JND?
A. Packaging size
B. Loudness of sound
C. Color brightness
D. Corporate governance
✅ Answer: D. Corporate governance
Q93. JND is critical when making changes to:
A. Accounting standards
B. Consumer-facing features
C. Internal processes
D. Supplier contracts
✅ Answer: B. Consumer-facing features
Q94. JND testing is MOST helpful before making:
A. Minor silent changes
B. Public improvement claims
C. Internal audits
D. Cost-cutting plans
✅ Answer: B. Public improvement claims
Q95. Weber’s Law reinforces the idea that perception is:
A. Objective
B. Uniform
C. Context-dependent
D. Stable
✅ Answer: C. Context-dependent
Q96. JND supports ethical marketing by ensuring claims are:
A. Aggressive
B. Legally complex
C. Perceptually valid
D. Emotionally appealing
✅ Answer: C. Perceptually valid
Q97. JND is MOST relevant in which competitive strategy?
A. Cost leadership
B. Differentiation
C. Focus strategy
D. Blue ocean
✅ Answer: B. Differentiation
Q98. Which consumer response indicates failure to cross JND?
A. Trial
B. Indifference
C. Loyalty
D. Advocacy
✅ Answer: B. Indifference
Q99. Weber’s Law helps explain why consumers:
A. Prefer discounts
B. Miss small changes
C. Switch brands often
D. Are price sensitive
✅ Answer: B. Miss small changes
Q100. The primary managerial benefit of JND analysis is:
A. Faster innovation
B. Better cost control
C. Perceptible value creation
D. Higher ad recall
✅ Answer: C. Perceptible value creation
Q101. Which product change is MOST likely to cross the JND threshold in a competitive market?
A. Minor aesthetic tweak
B. Marginal cost reduction
C. Noticeable functional improvement
D. Internal process optimization
✅ Answer: C. Noticeable functional improvement
Q102. JND analysis is especially valuable when firms practice:
A. Radical innovation
B. Incremental innovation
C. Disruptive innovation
D. Open innovation
✅ Answer: B. Incremental innovation
Q103. Which consumer reaction BEST indicates that a product improvement has crossed JND?
A. Brand recall increases
B. Consumers mention the change unprompted
C. Higher advertising reach
D. Increased retailer margins
✅ Answer: B. Consumers mention the change unprompted
Q104. In sensory marketing, failing to account for JND may result in:
A. Over-segmentation
B. Sensory overload or invisibility
C. Strong emotional bonding
D. Higher switching costs
✅ Answer: B. Sensory overload or invisibility
Q105. From a strategic perspective, JND helps firms convert:
A. Technical superiority into operational efficiency
B. Cost savings into higher margins
C. Product changes into perceived consumer value
D. Advertising spend into brand equity
✅ Answer: C. Product changes into perceived consumer value
Just Noticeable Difference (JND), Weber’s Law in marketing, Consumer perception, Product improvement strategy, Marketing psychology, Constant stimuli method, Perceptible product change, Sensory thresholds in marketing, MBA marketing MCQs
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